About

STRING is a database of known and predicted protein-protein interactions. The interactions include direct (physical) and indirect (functional) associations; they stem from computational prediction, from knowledge transfer between organisms, and from interactions aggregated from other (primary) databases.

Data Sources

Interactions in viruses.STRING are derived from five main sources:
 

Genomic Context Predictions

High-throughput Lab Experiments

(Conserved) Co-Expression

Automated Textmining

Previous Knowledge in Databases

Coverage

The viruses.STRING database currently covers 9'643'763 proteins from 2'031 organisms.

When using viruses.STRING, please consult (and cite) any of the following references:
 
Szklarczyk D, Morris JH, Cook H, Kuhn M, Wyder S, Simonovic M, Santos A, Doncheva NT, Roth A, Bork P, Jensen LJ, von Mering C.
The STRING database in 2017: quality-controlled protein-protein association networks, made broadly accessible.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan; 45:D362-68.PubMed
 
Szklarczyk D, Franceschini A, Wyder S, Forslund K, Heller D, Huerta-Cepas J, Simonovic M, Roth A, Santos A, Tsafou KP, Kuhn M, Bork P, Jensen LJ, von Mering C.
STRING v10: protein-protein interaction networks, integrated over the tree of life.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Jan; 43:D447-52.PubMed
 
Franceschini A, Lin J, von Mering C, Jensen LJ.
SVD-phy: improved prediction of protein functional associations through singular value decomposition of phylogenetic profiles.
Bioinformatics. 2015 Nov; btv696.PubMed
 
Franceschini A, Szklarczyk D, Frankild S, Kuhn M, Simonovic M, Roth A, Lin J, Minguez P, Bork P, von Mering C, Jensen LJ.
STRING v9.1: protein-protein interaction networks, with increased coverage and integration.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Jan; 41:D808-15.PubMed
 
Szklarczyk D, Franceschini A, Kuhn M, Simonovic M, Roth A, Minguez P, Doerks T, Stark M, Muller J, Bork P, Jensen LJ, von Mering C.
The STRING database in 2011: functional interaction networks of proteins, globally integrated and scored.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39:D561-8.PubMed
 
Jensen LJ, Kuhn M, Stark M, Chaffron S, Creevey C, Muller J, Doerks T, Julien P, Roth A, Simonovic M, Bork P, von Mering C.
STRING 8--a global view on proteins and their functional interactions in 630 organisms.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Jan; 37:D412-6.PubMed
 
von Mering C, Jensen LJ, Kuhn M, Chaffron S, Doerks T, Krueger B, Snel B, Bork P.
STRING 7--recent developments in the integration and prediction of protein interactions.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2007 Jan; 35:D358-62.PubMed
 
von Mering C, Jensen LJ, Snel B, Hooper SD, Krupp M, Foglierini M, Jouffre N, Huynen MA, Bork P.
STRING: known and predicted protein-protein associations, integrated and transferred across organisms.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Jan; 33:D433-7.PubMed
 
von Mering C, Huynen M, Jaeggi D, Schmidt S, Bork P, Snel B.
STRING: a database of predicted functional associations between proteins.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Jan; 31:258-61.PubMed
 
Snel B, Lehmann G, Bork P, Huynen MA.
STRING: a web-server to retrieve and display the repeatedly occurring neighbourhood of a gene.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Sep 15;28(18):3442-4.PubMed

Number of organisms

1'678	Bacteria
238	Eukaryotes
115	Archaea
2'031	total organisms

Number of proteins

9'643'763 proteins

Number of interactions (by confidence level)

25'914'693	interactions at highest confidence (score >= 0.900)
71'673'028	interactions at high confidence or better (score >= 0.700)
320'182'220	interactions at medium confidence or better (score >= 0.400)
1'380'838'440	interactions at low confidence or better (score >= 0.150)
1'380'838'440	total interactions

Top organisms (by query volume)

1. Homo sapiens
2. Mus musculus
3. Escherichia coli
4. Arabidopsis thaliana
5. Caenorhabditis elegans
6. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
7. Rattus norvegicus
8. Drosophila melanogaster
9. Bacillus subtilis
10. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

Tabular overview of networks in all organism

See the overview pages.